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In all industrial applications, vibration of piping components is a concern that is often addressed during the piping design phase. Effort is made to predict and avoid the mechanical natural frequency of large piping in order to prevent fatigue failures. However, current industry practice is that only larger bore lines (3 inches in diameter and above) are analyzed in detail. Sometimes only lines 6 inches and above are analyzed. Small diameter branch connections (typically 2 inch and below) are often omitted due to cost and/or a lack of available information at the design stage. These small diameter connections are just as susceptible as large diameter connections to fatigue failures due to high vibration; therefore, the design of the small piping must also be considered. Current piping standards only place high level requirements on the design of small diameter branch connections and do not provide many recommendations related to the design of the connections. In 2010, GMRC in a joint project with PRCI developed a guideline which addresses the design of small diameter branch connections. The guideline provides recommendations on the weight placed on the branch and the length of the connection in order to minimize the possibility of fatigue failure. The intent of the guideline is to reduce the risk of vibration and fatigue problems associated with small bore piping without requiring a detailed study. This paper reviews the guideline and its key components. It also discusses how it can be applied to actual piping configurations. Lastly, several case studies are presented for the application of the guideline.
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